NAME

dir - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS

dir [ OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-a, --all: do not ignore entries starting with .

-A, --almost-all: do not list implied . and ..

--author: with -l, print the author of each file

-b, --escape: print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

--block-size=SIZE: with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below

-B, --ignore-backups: do not list implied entries ending with ~

-c: with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

-C: list entries by columns

--color[=WHEN]: colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below

-d, --directory: list directories themselves, not their contents

-D, --dired: generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

-f: do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color

-F, --classify: append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

--file-type: likewise, except do not append '*'

--format=WORD: across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

--full-time: like -l --time-style=full-iso

-g: like -l, but do not list owner

--group-directories-first: group directories before files;

: can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping

-G, --no-group: in a long listing, don't print group names

-h, --human-readable: with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.

--si: likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-H, --dereference-command-line: follow symbolic links listed on the command line

--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir: follow each command line symbolic link

: that points to a directory

--hide=PATTERN: do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)

--hyperlink[=WHEN]: hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'

--indicator-style=WORD: append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash ( -p), file-type ( --file-type), classify (-F)

-i, --inode: print the index number of each file

-I, --ignore=PATTERN: do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

-k, --kibibytes: default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage; used only with -s and per directory totals

-l: use a long listing format

-L, --dereference: when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself

-m: fill width with a comma separated list of entries

-n, --numeric-uid-gid: like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

-N, --literal: print entry names without quoting

-o: like -l, but do not list group information

-p, --indicator-style=slash: append / indicator to directories

-q, --hide-control-chars: print ? instead of nongraphic characters

--show-control-chars: show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)

-Q, --quote-name: enclose entry names in double quotes

--quoting-style=WORD: use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)

-r, --reverse: reverse order while sorting

-R, --recursive: list subdirectories recursively

-s, --size: print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

-S: sort by file size, largest first

--sort=WORD: sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time ( -t), version (-v), extension (-X)

--time=WORD: with -l, show time as WORD instead of default modification time: atime or access or use ( -u); ctime or status ( -c); also use specified time as sort key if --sort=time (newest first)

--time-style=TIME_STYLE: time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

-t: sort by modification time, newest first

-T, --tabsize=COLS: assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

-u: with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first

-U: do not sort; list entries in directory order

-v: natural sort of (version) numbers within text

-w, --width=COLS: set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit

-x: list entries by lines instead of by columns

-X: sort alphabetically by entry extension

-Z, --context: print any security context of each file

-1: list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with -q or -b

--help: display this help and exit

--version: output version information and exit

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files. TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale. Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.

Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color= never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.